NANSÔ SATOMI HAKKENDEN |
Play title | Nansô Satomi Hakkenden Hana no Ani Tsubomi no Yatsufusa Hakkenden Uwasa no Takadono Satomi Hakkenden |
Authors | Takizawa Bakin (original novel) Nishizawa Ippô ("Hana no Ani Tsubomi no Yatsufusa") Takarada Jusuke, Mimasuya Shirô ("Hakkenden Uwasa no Takadono") Atsumi Seitarô (1947 script) |
History |
"Nansô Satomi Hakkenden" was originally a voluminous novel by the writer Takizawa Bakin (1767~1848), who worked from 1814 for 28 years to complete it. It was adapted for the first time to Kabuki in 1834 and staged in October in Ôsaka at the Wakadayû no Shibai under the title "Kinkazan Yuki no Akebono". Nishizawa Ippô wrote his own script, which was entitled "Hana no Ani Tsubomi no Yatsufusa" and was staged in the 1st lunar month of 1836 at the Naka no Shibai [casting]. The first satomi-hakkendenmono staged in Edo was "Hakkenden Uwasa no Takadono", written by Takarada Jusuke and Mimasuya Shirô and staged in the 4th lunar month of 1836 at the Moritaza [casting]. The first Bunraku adaptation was created a few month later, written by Yamada-no-Kakashi and staged in Ôsaka in the 7th lunar month of 1836. Several others versions were written in Kamigata or in Edo, including Sakurada Jisuke III's "Satomi Hakkenden" (the first drama to be titled like this) which was staged in the 1st lunar month of 1852 at the Ichimuraza [casting]. Satomi-hakkendenmono were extremely popular, not only during the Edo period, but also during the Meiji era, with the actor Ichikawa Danjûrô IX refining the key role of Inuyama Dôsetsu Tadatomo. In the modern times, it is worthy to note that the title "Nansô Satomi Hakkenden" was used for the first time in a script written by Ômori Chisetsu and staged in March 1934 at the Meijiza. After World War II, Atsumi Seitarô wrote his own script, mixing elements from many of the previous versions of "Hakkenden". This script was successfully used by the Kyôgenza, a troupe of young actors, who staged it in September 1947 at the Imperial Theater [casting]. This script became the standard one to be used for a production of "Nansô Satomi Hakkenden". It was used for example for the three tôshi kyôgen production of "Nansô Satomi Hakkenden" at the National Theatre, in March 1969, March 1982 and April 1991. The star Ichikawa Ennosuke staged "Satomi Hakkenden" for the first time in April 1975 at the Meijiza, using Yamada's Bunraku script. He reworked the script several times, with Ishikawa Kôji or Tobe Ginsaku, to obtain a visually-striking drama full of keren. To show how much he attached importance to "Hakkenden", he put this drama in his collection of masterpieces (Ennosuke Jûhachiban). |
Structure |
The revivals at the National Theatre in March 1982 and April 1991 were made up of 6 acts (11 scenes) and 4 acts (10 scenes). In July 2002, Ichikawa Ennosuke staged a version made up of 1 prelude and 3 acts (11 scenes). Shorter productions are also possible (a few scenes gathered in 1 or 2 acts). |
Key words |
Chûnori Ennosuke Jûhachiban Ennosuke Shijûhassen Fukkatsu Tôshi Kyôgen Jûhachiban Jidaimono Keren Satomi-hakkendenmono |
Summary |
The prologue shows the demise of Princess Fuse, the beautiful daughter of a 15th-century warlord who was slain by his wicked regent, Yamashita Sakuzaemon Sadakane. Princess Fuse had conceived during a mysterious union with her father's dog, Yatsufusa, and the resulting offspring are shown as eight green crystal balls issuing from her body. Each ball contains one Chinese character denoting a Confucian principle, such as JIN (benevolence) and GI (righteousness), and they disperse into the air; the spirits they embody will be born as human babies in eight different families. Sixteen years later Kanamari Daisuke Takanori, a former retainer of Princess Fuse's father and the slayer of the dog Yatsufusa, begins a search for the eight children, who all have the character inu (dog) in their surnames. The fantastic story of his quest unfolds in the succeeding scenes. Inuyama Dôsetsu Tadatomo, leader of the eight Satomi heroes, is introduced first; he is shown praying to the tutelary goddess for the successful restoration of the Satomi family. The merciful deity gives Dôsetsu a luminous ball bearing the character for CHÛ (loyalty), and confers on him the ability to manipulate fire and water. Meanwhile, in the palace of Gov. Koga Nariuji, Inuzuka Shino Moritaka embodying KÔ (filial piety) and Inukai Genpachi Nobumichi, who personifies SHIN (sincerity), fight against each other without knowing they belong to the same family. At the end of their fierce duel the brothers are reconciled through the good offices of Daisuke, now posing as a Buddhist mendicant called Chûdai. A scene set at Mount Maruzuka brings six of the siblings together. Dôsetsu is performing a mystical rite -- inflicting burns on himself to induce a state of enlightenment -- when an elegant passerby, Inuzaka Keno Tanetomo, notices his crystal ball and approaches him. These two are then joined by four others: Shino and Genpachi posing as samurai, Inukawa Sôsuke disguised as a servant, and Inue Shinbei dressed like a pageboy. There is an entertaining danmari (dumb show) as the six search for each other in the dark. As Act II opens, Genpachi, Keno and Shinbei are staying at an inn run by Dôsetsu, while Sôsuke is employed as his servant. Inuta Kobungo Yasuyori, the seventh of the Satomi heroes, is affiliated with the evil Sadakane, but when he drops by the inn he discovers his true identity, and pledges brotherhood with Genpachi and others. The warlord's former minister then arrives with the lord's grandson, Yoshiwakamaru, Princess Fuse's nephew, and entrusts him to the care of the Satomi brothers. Genpachi sets out on his search for the eighth hero, Inumura Kakutarô Masanori, who is found in the village of Tamagaeshi. The scene set in this village (Act II, Scene 2) is the highlight of "Hakkenden." This fantastical episode has at its center a vicious old cat that can transform itself into a human form. The cat slays Kakutarô's father, then assumes his likeness. Having learned that Kakutarô's attractive wife, Hinaginu, will give birth to a baby in the year of the rat, the monster is moved to murder. Having sent Kakutarô on an errand, the creature momentarily betrays its feline nature when it licks the fish oil poured into the lamp. Before Kakutarô's return, however, it murders Hinaginu. When Kakutarô discovers his wife's body -- and learns the truth of the cat's identity (and his father's death) -- he retaliates instantly with the assistance of Genpachi. The threesome clash in a fearsome midair fight that culminates with the appearance of a giant demonic cat on top of the devastated house, with the ferocious-looking cat/Ikkaku standing by it, glaring down at the warriors. More flying delights the audience in the following act, which ends with Dôsetsu's escape from Sadakane's palace after failing to extort 30,000 ryô from the tyrant. Magically empowered, Dôsetsu flies through the air, carrying on his back an enormous basket in which are hiding Keno and Yoshiwakamaru's mother. Source: Sasaguchi Rei |
The actors Bandô Kamezô I (bottom/left) and Bandô Hikosaburô V (right) performing the roles of Inukai Genpachi Nobumichi and Inuzuka Shino Moritaka in a print made by Utagawa Toyokuni III |
The poster of the tôshi kyôgen production of "Nansô Satomi Hakkenden", which was staged in March 1969 at the National Theatre |
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